What Are Uterine Fibroids? Types, Size, and When Treatment Is Needed

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that form in or on the uterus. Many women in the United States experience them during their childbearing years. Although fibroids are common, most are harmless. However, some can cause discomfort or other health problems. Because they vary in size and number, symptoms can differ from person to person.

Common Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Not all women with uterine fibroids have symptoms. Still, many notice changes in their bodies. For example, you may experience:

Heavy or long menstrual periods

Pain or pressure in the lower belly

Frequent urination

Difficulty emptying the bladder

Constipation

Back or leg pain

Pain during sex

Sometimes, fibroids can cause problems with pregnancy or fertility. If you notice any of these signs, it is wise to talk to your doctor.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of uterine fibroids. However, several factors may increase your risk. For instance, hormones like estrogen and progesterone seem to help fibroids grow. In addition, family history plays a role. If your mother or sister had fibroids, you may be more likely to get them. Other risk factors include:

Being between ages 30 and 50

Being overweight

Having high blood pressure

Eating a lot of red meat

Starting your period at a young age

Although these factors can raise your risk, anyone with a uterus can develop fibroids.

How Uterine Fibroids Are Diagnosed

Doctors use several methods to diagnose uterine fibroids. First, they may ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, a pelvic exam helps check for changes in the uterus. Often, doctors use imaging tests to see fibroids more clearly. These tests include:

Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create pictures of the uterus

MRI: Shows detailed images of fibroids and their size

Hysteroscopy: Looks inside the uterus with a thin, lighted tube

With these tools, your doctor can find the best way to manage your fibroids.

Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids

Treatment for uterine fibroids depends on your symptoms, age, and plans for pregnancy. Sometimes, no treatment is needed if fibroids are small and not causing problems. However, if you have symptoms, your doctor may suggest:

Medications to control pain or heavy bleeding

Hormone therapy to shrink fibroids

Non-surgical fibroid management, such as uterine artery embolization

Minimally invasive surgery, like myomectomy, to remove fibroids

Hysterectomy, which removes the uterus (used only when other treatments do not work)

Each option has benefits and risks. Therefore, discuss them with your doctor to choose what is best for you.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

While you cannot always prevent uterine fibroids, healthy habits may lower your risk. For example, you can:

Eat more fruits and vegetables

Maintain a healthy weight

Exercise regularly

Limit red meat and processed foods

Manage stress with relaxation techniques

Although these steps do not guarantee prevention, they support your overall health.

When to See a Doctor

It is important to seek medical advice if you notice symptoms of uterine fibroids. For instance, see your doctor if you have:

Heavy or painful periods

Unusual pelvic pain or pressure

Trouble getting pregnant

Sudden changes in your menstrual cycle

Early diagnosis can help you find the right treatment and avoid complications. At Dr. Snehal Murde, concerns related to uterine fibroids are carefully evaluated to guide timely care.

If you have concerns about uterine fibroids, consult Dr. Snehal Murde for personalised advice and appropriate care.